Object-Oriented Programming (OOP)

 

 

Object-Oriented Programming is a programming paradigm that aims to improve code efficiency, reusability, security, and maintenance by leveraging objects that can contain data or code

 

 

Abstraction

• Hides the implementation details of some code
• Code becomes accessible and reusable without requiring implementation details

 

• Example: Functions, Methods

Encapsulation

• Limits access, as in a capsule, to certain parts of a piece of code or data
• Each object should control its own state
• Prevents reused variable names and reassigned variable values
• Variables and data can be bound to a class, method, or object

 

• Example: Public variables, Private variables

Inheritance

• Allows objects to inherit properties and methods from another object
• The same thing needs to happen across different pieces of the same code
• Reduces likelihood of writing duplicate code, as multiple child classes can inherit common code from the same parent class
• Cohesion: How related the code components are

Polymorphism

• Code’s ability to take multiple forms, so it adapts to the type of data its processing
• Child class can inherit a method from a parent class, but can overwrite the parent class method and assign it an entirely new set of rules to follow in the child class
• Dynamic Binding: Code associated with a given function call is determined at the time of the call at run time

 

• Example: A method or attribute is defined and inherited from a parent class and modified by a child class